Title(s): Research Associate Professor of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology
Department(s): Medicine Microbiology and Immunology
Education: University of Texas, Ph.D., 1982 Colby College, BA, 1977
Dr. Howell received her B.A. from Colby College in 1977, and her Ph.D. from the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in 1982. After postdoctoral work as a research fellow and research associate in the department of Microbiology at Dartmouth Medical School, Dr. Howell joined the faculty of the Department of Microbiology and Medicine at Dartmouth Medical School in 1984.
Programs: Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine
Mselle TF, Howell AL, Ghosh M, Wira CR, Sentman CL Human uterine natural killer cells but not blood natural killer cells inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by secretion of CXCL12. J Virol 2009 Nov; 83(21):11188-95 PMID: 19692460 [PubMed - in process]
Asin SN, Eszterhas SK, Rollenhagen C, Heimberg AM, Howell AL HIV type 1 infection in women: increased transcription of HIV type 1 in ectocervical tissue explants. J Infect Dis 2009 Sep 15; 200(6):965-72 PMID: 19671015 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Lyimo MA, Howell AL, Balandya E, Eszterhas SK, Connor RI Innate factors in human breast milk inhibit cell-free HIV-1 but not cell-associated HIV-1 infection of CD4+ cells. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009 Jun 1; 51(2):117-24 PMID: 19346967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Our laboratory is studying the mechanisms by which sex steroid hormones, notably estradiol and progesterone, can modify HIV-1 transcription and replication in cells and tissues from the female reproductive tract. Using an ex vivo tissue explant model, we add sex hormones at concentrations that mimic those found during the menstrual cycle, and assess how varying hormone levels could modify HIV-1 reverse transcription, integration and transcription. In addition, we also study the ability of these hormones to induce the secretion of innate immune factors and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from reproductive tract tissue explants, and their effects on HIV-1 infection and replication. Other research projects focus on expression of naturally occurring innate immune factors found in cervico-vaginal fluid, and the ability of these soluble factors to inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication.