Analgesia and Anesthesia Information for Dogs (Canis familiaris)
Pain Recognition
Dogs in pain are generally quieter and less alert with stiff body movements and an unwillingness to move. Clinical signs of pain may include:
- lying still or standing crouched
- restlessness
- shivering, increased respirations while panting
- may whimper or howl when left alone, or growl without apparent provocation and become vicious when handled
- may bite or scratch at painful regions
- behavioral changes
Physiologic parameters
| Body temperature | 39° C |
| Heart rate | 100-130/min | Respiratory rate | 22/min |
| Tidal volume | 250 ml |
Ketamine should not be used alone in dogs as it may cause seizures in some individuals. Ketamine should be used in combination with a tranquilizer.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with caution in dogs. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are contraindicated. Aspirin must be dosed very carefully.
Analgesia and Anesthesia Dosages
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