Analgesia and Anesthesia Information for Birds
Pain Recognition
Birds hide signs of pain better than most other species. This, and the fact that the feathers make it difficult to visually asses the animal, means that by the time the changes are evident, the bird is quite debilitated. Clinical signs of pain in birds may include:
- decreased activity
- ruffled feathers
- not perching or perching in abnormal locations in the cage
- decreased appetite
- weight loss
- abnormal vocalization or no vocalization
- dehydration
- changes in stool appearance (color and consistency)
Physiologic parameters
| Body temperature | 38.5° C |
| Heart rate | 110-140/min | Respiratory rate | 26/min |
| Tidal volume | 20 ml |
Analgesia and Anesthesia Dosages
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